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The Effect Of Low Dietary Calcium And Irradiation On Mandible In Rats

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Abstract

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#ÃÊ·Ï#
This study was performed to investigate the morphological and structural changes of
bone tissues and the effects of irradiation on the mandibular bodies of rats which were
fed low calcium diets.
In order to carry out this experiment, 160 seven-week old Sprague-Dawley strain rats
weighing about 150 gm were selected and equally divided into one normal diet group of
80 rats and one low calcium diet group with the remainder. These groups were then
subdivided into two groups, 40 were assigned rats for each subdivided group, exposed
to radiation. The Group 1 was composed of forty non-irradiated rats with normal diet,
Group 2 of forty irradiated rats with normal diet, Group 3 forty non-irradiated rats with
low calcium diet, and Group 4 forty irradiated rats with low calcium diet. The two
irradiation groups received a single dose of 20 Gy on the jaw area only and irradiated
with a cobalt-60 teletherapy unit. The rats with normal and low calcium diet groups
were serially terminated by ten on the 3rd, the 7th, the 14th, and the 21st day after
irradiation After termination, both sides of the dead rats mandible were removed and
fried with 10% neutral formalin. The bone density of mandibular body was measured by
use of bone mineral densitometer(Model DPX-alpha, Lunar Corp., U.S.A). Triga Mark ¥²
nuclear reactor in Korea Atomic Research Institute was used for neutron activation and
then calcium contents of mandibular body were measured by using a 4096 multichannel
analyzer (EG and G ORTEC 919 MCA U.S.A). Also the mandibular body was
radiographed with a soft X-ray apparatus(Hitex Co., Ltd., Japan). Thereafter, the
obtained microradiograms were observed by a light microscope and were used for the
morphometric analysis using a image analyzer(Leco 2001 System Leco Co., Canada). The
morphometric analysis was performed for parameters such as the total area, the bone
area, the inner and outer perimeters of the bone.
The obtained results were as follows:
1. In the morphometric analysis, total area and outer perimeter of the mandibular
bodies of Group 3 were a little smaller than that of Group 1. The mean bone width and
bone area were much smaller than that of Group 1 and the inner perimeter of Group 3
was much longer than that of Group 1. The total area and outer perimeter of Group 2
and Group 4 showed little difference. The mean bone width and bone area of Group 4
were smaller than that of Group 2 and the inner perimeter of Group 4 was longer than
that of Group 2.
2. The remarkable decreases of the number and thickness of trabeculae and also the
resorption of endosteal surface of cortical bone could be seen in the microradiogram of
Group 3, Group 4 since the 3rd day of experiment. On the 21s1 day of experiment the
above findings could be more clearly seen in Group 4 than in Group 3.
3. The bone mined density of Group 3 was lesser than that of Group 1 and the bone
mineral density of Group 4 was lesser than that of Group 2 on the 7th, 14th, 21st days.
The irradiation caused the bone mineral density to be decreased regardless of diet. In
the case of Groups with low calcium diet the bone mineral density was much deceased
on the 21s1 day than on the 3rd day of experiment.
4. The calcium content in mandible of Group 3 was smaller than that of Group 1
throughout the experiment Group 4 showed the least amount of calcium content. The
irradiation caused the calcium content to be decreased regardless of diet. In the case of
Groups with low calcium diet, the calcium content was much decrease6 on the 21s1 day
than on the 3rd day of experiment.
In conclusion the resent study demonstrated that morphological changes and decrease
of bone mass due to resorption of bone by low calcium diet, and that the resorption of
bone could be found in the spongeous bone and endosteal surface of cortical bone.
So the problem of resorption of bone must be considered when the old and the
postmenopausal women are taken radiotherapy because the irradiation seems to be
accelerated the resorption of osteoporotic bone.

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